List of extinct animals of South America

This is a list of extinct animals of South America. Animals that became extinct in the Holocene period in South America.

Contents 1 Pleistocene extinctions 2 Mammals 3 Birds 4 Amphibians 5 Fish 6 Mollusks 7 Worms 8 Insects 9 Rediscovered 10 Extinct in the wild 11 References 12 See also 13 External links

Pleistocene extinctions

• Amazonian smilodon, Smilodon populator
• Arctodus, short-faced bears
• Macrauchenia, a litoptern
• Xenorhinotherium, a litoptern
• 12 genera of ground sloths
• At least 8 glyptodont genera
• Cuvieronius, a gomphothere
• Stegomastodon, a gomphothere
• Deer: Antifer, Morenelaphus, Charitoceros, Agalmaceros
• Stout-legged Llama
• Hippidion and Onohippidium, small horses
• Theriodictis, a canid
• Toxodon, a notoungulate
• Mixotoxodon, a notoungulate
• Neochoerus, a giant capybara
• Canis nehringi, wolf

Mammals

• Falkland Islands Wolf
• Argentine fox, Dusicyon avus
• Caribbean Monk Seal
• Darwin's Rice Rat,
• Indefatigable Galapagos Mouse
• Chatham Island Rice Rat

Birds

• Terror birds, (Tertiary)
• Niceforo Brown Pintail Duck, Anas georgica niceforoi (1952, Colombia)
• Darwin's Ground Finch, Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris (1957, Galapagos)
• Colombian Grebe, Podiceps andinus (1970, Colombia)
• Red-throated Wood-rail, Aramides gutturalis (1843, Peru)

Amphibians

• Phrynomedusa fimbriata (1920s, Brazil)
• Atelopus ignescens (1988, Ecuador)
• Atelopus longirostris (1989, Ecuador)
• Atelopus vogli (1933, Venezuela)
• Golden Toad, Bufo periglenes (1989, Costa Rica)

Fish

• Rhizosomichthys totae (Freshwater catfish from Colombia, Lake Tota)
• Orestias cuvieri (Lake Titicaca)

Mollusks

• Littoridina gaudichaudii (Freshwater snail from Ecuador)
• Tomigerus gibberulus (Terrestrial snail from Brazil)
• Tomigerus turbinatus (Terrestrial snail from Brazil)
• Megalobulimus cardosoi (Terrestrial snail from Brazil)

Worms

• Rhinodrilus fafner (Giant earthworm from Brazil)

Insects

• Megadytes ducalis (Freshwater beetle from Brazil)
• Rhantus orbignyi (Freshwater beetle from Argentina and Brazil)

Rediscovered

• Caatinga Woodpecker Celeus obrieni ("Extinct" in 1926, Rediscovered in 2006, Brazil, Critically Endangered in the IUCN redlist 2007)
• Kinglet Calyptura, Calyptura cristata ("Extinct" in 1960, Rediscovered in 1996, Brazil Critically Endangered)
• Fuertes's Parrot, Hapalopsittaca fuertesi ("Extinct" in 1911, Rediscovered in 2003, Colombia, Critically Endangered)
• Fernandina Rice Rat, Nesoryzomys fernandinae ("Extinct" in 1980, Rediscovered during surveys in 1995 and 1997, Ecuador, Galapagos, Vulnerable)
• Rancho Grande Harlequin Frog, Atelopus cruciger ("Extinct" in 1982, Rediscovered in 2003, Venezuela)
• Gracilidris, a genus of dolichoderine ant thought to have gone extinct 15-20 million years ago, found in Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina and described in 2006.

Extinct in the wild

• Aylacostoma chloroticum (Freshwater snail from Argentina and Paraguay)
• Aylacostoma guaraniticum (Freshwater snail from Argentina and Paraguay)
• Aylacostoma stigmaticum (Freshwater snail from Argentina and Paraguay)
• Alagoas Curassow, Crax mitu (Bird from Brazil)
• Spix's Macaw, Cyanopsitta spixii (Bird from Brazil)
• Abingdon Island Tortoise, Geochelone nigra abingdoni (Ecuador, Galápagos)

References

• BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
• IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
• Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from http://extinct.petermaas.nl on 25/3/2006

See also

• List of extinct animals
• List of extinct animals of Asia
• List of extinct animals of Africa
• List of extinct animals of Europe
• Extinct birds

External links

• The Extinction Website
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species